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Vol. 24, No. 5 1030 W. Higgins Road, Suite 230 Park Ridge, IL 60068 www.geoplace.com Integrated Content VICE PRESIDENT, GROUP PUBLISHER Jo Treadwell, jtreadwell@geoplace.com EDITOR, GEOWORLD, GEOPLACE.COM AND GEOREPORT Todd Danielson, tdanielson@geoplace.com CHIEF NEWS CORRESPONDENT L. Scott Tillett GeoTec Event CONFERENCE SHOW MANAGER Katie Smith, ksmith@m2media360.com CONFERENCE EXHIBIT SALES Jo Treadwell, jtreadwell@geoplace.com Contributing Editors Peter Batty, Joseph K. Berry, Ron Bisio, Mark Dolezel, Ron Lake, Janet Jackson, Mark Reichardt, Erik Shepard, Daniel Sui, Nigel Waters, Patrick Wong Editorial Advisory Board Chris Andrews AUTODESK INC. Peter Batty UBISENSE Jack Dangermond ESRI Charles H. Drinnan EWAM ASSOCIATES Jim Farley ORACLE CORP. William D. Goran CENTER FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY INNOVATIONS Connie Gurchiek TRANSCEND SPATIAL SOLUTIONS William Holland REDGIANT ANALYTICS INC. 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Authorization to photocopy items for educational, internal or personal use, or specific clients, is granted by M2MEDIA360, provided appropriate fees are paid prior to photocopying items, please contact Cheryl Naughton, cnaughton@m2media360.com M2MEDIA360 1030 W. Higgins Road, Suite 230 Park Ridge, IL 60068 Phone: (847) 720-5600 Fax: (847) 720-5601 e-mail: tdanielson@geoplace.com Web: www.geoplace.com CIRCULATION: For subscription inquiries and customer service questions please call 845-856-2229. © 2011 BY M2MEDIA360 All rights reserved. ISSN# 0897-5507 Canadian GST# 82917 9944 RT 0001 Canadian CPM #1528653 Single Copy Price U.S $8.00, Single Copy Price Canada/Mexico/Foreign $12.00 FROM THE ARCHIVES GeoWorld magazine has built a reputation as a trusted source of information with consistently forward-looking and authorita- tive content. We were the first publication to address the needs of the GIS user community, and we have enjoyed much success as the industry “found its footing” and expanded into a wide range of disciplines. We feel lucky to have served a dedicated readership for more than two decades. The content of each GeoWorld issue has been posted online at www.geoplace.com since 1996. This rich resource provides perspective on technology development and clear relevance to the challenges faced today.To highlight some of the infor- mational resources available, each issue will feature archived stories relating to that issue’s cover story. Simply click on “Articles & Archives” at the top of the menu bar on GeoPlace.com, and type in a few of the key words from the fol- lowing list to find the full article on our site. May 2010 America’s Front Yard: A 3-D GIS Helps Visualize the National Mall By Matthew Safford BY JOAN BIEDIGER AND LOUISE MATHEWS January 2010 Urban Sprawl: How Is It Affecting America’s Ranch 16 G E O W O R L D / M A Y 2 O 1 0 BY MATTHEW SAFFORD America’s Front Yard A 3-D GIS Helps Visualize the National Mall O ften called “America’s Front Yard,” the National Mall in the heart of Washington, D.C., includes some of America’s most well known monuments and receives more than 25 million visitors each year. Stretching west from the U.S. Capitol to the Lincoln Memorial, and north from the Thomas Jefferson Memorial to Constitution Ave., this highly recognizable space is managed by the National Park Service for the enjoy- ment of present and future generations. Adjacent to the National Mall are national museums and galleries that form the country’s cultural center. The National Mall means different things to different people. To local citizens of Washington, D.C., it can be more akin to a city park with space for picnicking, jog- ging and ball playing. To visitors from outside the area, it’s a special place of awe and sanctity. However, what recent visitors have seen is hardly welcoming with torn-up lawns, crumbling sidewalks and inadequate public restrooms. But the National Park Service is nearing the end of a long-term planning effort to improve visitor amenities and resource condi- tions on the Mall for decades to come. Planning the Mall’s Future The way the nation’s capitol looks today is a result of planning going back to the L’Enfant plan of 1791 and the 1901 McMillan Plan. Most of the basic street layout from these early plans is retained today, but there have been a few changes, especially around the Tidal Basin. In 2003, Congress stated that the National Mall is a “substantially completed work of civic art” and that no new or unapproved memorials or visitor centers would be added. Congress also directed the National Figure 1. The crowd on the National Mall for Inauguration Day 2009 was estimated at 2 million people. M A Y 2 O 1 0 /W W W . G E O P L A C E . C O M 17 Park Service, as the responsible federal agency, to begin planning for the National Mall’s future as well as its ability to provide public enjoyment and protect its character. The park service is nearing the end of preparing a long-term comprehensive plan for the National Mall so it can continue to symbolize the ideals and great- ness envisioned for the United States of America. The planning process involved a lot of public input to help the planning team identify fundamental resources and values that need to be preserved as well as challenges or opportunities that should be addressed. and Farmlands? By Joan Biediger and Louise Mathews May 2009 Where Are Samson and Goliath? 3-D Experiments Model the Belfast Skyline By Paul Cote GeoWorld Services GeoWorld Online Visit GeoWorld at GeoPlace.com for online reviews, features, news, classified ads and event listings. GeoMarketplace The GeoMarketplace resource directory provides an easy means to connect with product and services vendors. Indexed listings of imagery, data, data conversion, hardware, mapping/surveying, mobile mapping, software development and Web services will appear monthly. Contact Deanna Morgan at dmorgan@geoplace.com for more information. Reprints Order custom reprints of GeoWorld columns and features on glossy magazine stock in black and white or full color, individualized with company logos, photos or advertising insertions. For reprints, please contact: Contact Cheryl Naughton by phone, 678-292-6054, fax 360-294-6054, or e-mail cnaughton@m2media360.com. Advertising To advertise in GeoWorld, contact Jo Treadwell, worldwide advertising accounts manager [847-381-4621, jtreadwell@geoplace.com]. Subscriptions To order a GeoWorld subscription, visit the magazine’s Web site (www.geoplace.com). To report an address change or correct circulation problems, contact Customer Service [845-856-2229]. List Rental Order custom mailing lists from GeoWorld if you are looking for professionals in the geospatial industry working with GIS applications in government, utilities, education and the private sector. Contact Cheryl Naughton by phone, 678-292-6054, fax 360-294-6054, or e-mail cnaughton@m2media360.com. All names are proven direct-mail responsive, and they are all selectable by title and business. One phone call will guide you toward the best list choices for your needs. Urban Sprawl H istorical aerial imagery is a valuable primary data source that allows users to peer into the past to help manage the present and improve the future. By looking at multiple snapshots in time, important ques- tions can be examined from a historical perspective. Urban sprawl, for example, has occurred in varying degrees since the Industrial Revolution. The causes are many, including poor planning, increased access to transportation networks and the basic desire to live fur- ther away from central urban areas. By comparing cur- rent to historical aerial imagery, changes due to urban sprawl can be quantified and spatially analyzed. Visualization of change over time can provide insight into land-use patterns and change processes. Change detection is a type of analysis that examines an object or landscape feature at different points in time to determine what and how much it has changed. Some 24 G E O W O R L D / J A N U A R Y 2 O 1 0 How Is It Affecting America’s Ranch and Farmlands? physical landform changes (e.g., coastal erosion) are more gradual than changes in land use (e.g., rural to urban). The benefit of having an extensive historical record is that many types of change can be observed. Capital Changes Historical imagery recently was used to illustrate change detection in Sacramento, Calif. The area of interest borders the Sacramento River near the pres- ent airport in the north and the Pocket-Greenhaven area in the south. The project compared imagery from 1958 to 2009 to see how rice production and general agricultural land use was affected. Imagery used in the study area varied by year. Black- and-white imagery was used for 1958, 1964, 1972 and 1998. Color infrared imagery was available in 1984 as well as four-band multispectral imagery for 2009. Imagery/LIDAR Special Issue 2 GEO W ORLD / M AY 2O11 3-D Visualization Change Detection