Issue link: http://read.dmtmag.com/i/61297
"There will be 500,000 G.11 liners planted in U.S. nurseries this coming spring and 1 million in 2013." —Terence Robinson M.26 rootstocks become infected, the tree will die," he said. "Geneva rootstocks are resistant to fireblight," he said. "If the rootstock does- n't die, we can quickly regrow the parts of the tree that are lost in a fireblight epi- demic and not lose the orchard." Cornell has been working to breed and prove new rootstocks for several years, with the specific goal of putting fireblight- resistant rootstocks and/or replant disease-resistant rootstocks into each of the current size niches from small trees to large. So far, not many Geneva rootstocks have been available for growers to plant. About 325,000 were produced in 2009, 400,000 in 2010, and 600,000 in 2011—in a market that needs 15 million rootstocks a year, he said. "There will be 500,000 G.11 liners planted in U.S. nurseries this coming spring and 1 million in 2013," he said. Pro- duction of G.41 this year will be nearly 300,000, he said. Geneva released seven rootstocks before 2010, and another six since then. Of the rootstocks now being commercial- ized, G.65 is the smallest (M.27 size), G.11 is the size of M.9 T337, G.935 is the size of M.9 Pajam2, and G.41 and G.16 are in between G.11 and G.935. G.202 is the size of M.26 and G.30 the size of M.7 and MM106. The releases made in 2010 are G.214, just larger than M.9 Pajam2; G.222, just smaller than M.26; G.969 and G.213, just bigger than M.26; G.210, the size of M.7- MM106; and G.809, which is halfway between M.7 and seedling size. Growers should look closely at the NC- 140 rootstock trials to see which root- stocks perform best in their area. This is critical, he said. He noted that, at Champlain, New York, the northerly production area just south of Montreal, varieties on M.9 root- stocks yield only 67 percent as much as the same varieties and rootstocks planted at Geneva, where winter temperatures are warmer, he said. Yet when planted on G.935, they do equally well in both places. G.935 is a cold-hardy rootstock, he said. G.214, which is the size of M.9 Pajam2 and rated as highly yield efficient, produc- tive, resistant to fireblight, and tolerant to replant disease, has not as yet produced any liners for commercial use. "We have had a setback in the develop- ment of stool beds of G.214, and its prop- agation is starting over, an 18-month www.goodfruit.com GOOD FRUIT GROWER APRIL 15, 2012 27 delay," Robinson told growers in January during the International Fruit Tree Asso- ciation tour to Chile. That news was published in the January 15 Good Fruit Grower magazine. Density effect Robinson also said that growers must learn from experience how to compensate for the density effect when choosing rootstocks. While the rootstock itself affects the size of a tree, and thus determines how closely they can be spaced, the spacing affects root competition, so closer spacing itself produces smaller trees. Management of the tree also affects its size. When limbs point upward, the tree will grow shorter and wider, he said. If the feathers are bent down below horizontal, trees will be taller and slenderer. Large means large "Large branches create large trees," he said. Smaller branches are taxed more heavily to support fruit than are large branches. Consequently, large branches transport more carbohydrate back to the trunk, and the tree will become still larger. • Here Are the Facts You Need to Know about the Pink Lady® Brand. ""%$%" $& +)+%%&$& )&&"$!&&$& +!&$"$!'&!& ! +&&""%! )$ !!!$%(!$% %,% ""%&$'+' #' %($ $%"&% +&&/%)+&$%%&!%!+%&$+) &!%&!&"!"'$""%! &%'"$$&' $& +- The Pink Lady® $ $$&&% variety for over 15 years in the United States. "Cripps Pink" is the name of a variety. Pink Lady® Brand has been used with apples of the original Cripps Pink is a registered trademark in the United States. "Maslin Pink" is the name of a new early sport of Cripps Pink. The Pink Lady® Brand is also used with Maslin Pink apples. !$!$ !$&! ! % ! &!www.pinkladyamerica.org Only apples with "Pink Lady® sold under Pink Lady® " on the price lookup (PLU) sticker can legally be point-of-sale signage in supermarkets. in the United States for Free! No Royalty on U.S. Cripps Pink/Maslin Pink Apples with Pink Lady® U.S. Grown Apples use the Pink Lady® Brand PLU. !$$""% % ""%$!) ! "$!"$+ %&$% & & &&% !$!+&+%"+ +! &!'%& +- !$""%%! $&%%!& +- %!$' $&%! &! %'&'%$%'%&$%&% % The U.S. Pink Lady® it uses an "open licensing" system. #'%&! %%!'$&&! +$&$$ $ !$&$& www.pinkladyamerica.org%& pinkladyrep@embarqmail.com Pink Lady® Brand Domestic U.S. Canada FREE FREE Imports $0.50 $77 USD/box $0.50 $77 USD/box USD/metric ton Exports $70 USD/metric ton $70 USD/metric ton USD/metric ton $ ! %&$%!$!*% !) $&.!!%!$% Brand is NOT part of any restrictive "Club" system, instead