Background & Properties
Industry Specifications
History .......................................................................A2
API CK-4 and FA-4 Background ..................................A3
API CK-4 and FA-4 Engine Tests .................................A4
API CK-4 and FA-4 Bench Tests ..................................A8
Other OEM Specifications ........................................A12
The API Service Symbol ............................................A14
SAE Engine Oil Viscosity Grades
Physical Requirements ..............................................A15
Comparative Viscosity Classifications ........................A16
Important Engine Oil Properties
Role of Engine Oil ....................................................A17
Base Oil ...................................................................A18
Base Oil Groups .......................................................A20
Base Oil Groups: Characteristics ...............................A21
Refining Techniques .................................................A22
Additives ..................................................................A23
Viscosity Index – A Measure of Performance ............A24
A
Engine Oils