Tree of Merit: Merlot European Bird Cherry (Prunus
European bird cherr y is a small decid-
uous tree otherwise known as Mayday tree or hackberry,
(not to be confused with common hackberry/Celtis occi-
dentalis). It is native to many parts of Europe and Asia
and has been naturalized far beyond its original distribu-
tion area. Reports of bird cherry growing in the Alps at a
higher altitude than any other deciduous species, and its
ability to withstand hot summer temperatures, makes it
a selection of noteworthy hardiness (USDA Zone 3).
Although its natural habitat is commonly a wet woodland
or river bank, the bird cherry readily adapts to a variety
of soil types and requires only a moderate water supply.
Due to its hardiness and its tolerance of harsh conditions,
European Birdcherry can become invasive in some areas
as it regenerates through basal sprouting and seed dis-
persal by feeding birds. It's not recommended for planting
in Alaska, for example, but so far it does not seem to be
of significant concern in the continental United States.
The Merlot bird cherry has green spring foliage that turns to a
maroon or burgundy, lending a splash of color to the landscape
for the remainder of the season. Delicate clusters of small
white flowers, 3 to 6 inches (7.6 to 15.2 cm) in length give way
to pearl-sized black fruit that ripen in mid-summer and hang
from the small twigs gracefully, presenting an important food
source for several bird species. The flesh of the fruit is bitter
but edible to humans; however, the seed within the fruit is poi-
sonous, so perhaps it's best to leave these fruits to the birds.
Historically, the smooth gray bark of the bird cherry was
harvested for medicinal purposes by making a tea. Through
the process, hydrocyanic acid was extracted to treat respi-
ratory problems, aid in digestion, and act as an anti-inflam-
matory—but could be fatal if used in excessive amounts.
38
by Jennifer Jolliff, Arborist, Bozeman, Montana
The flower of Merlot
European bird cherry.
Photo Courtesy J. Frank
Schmidt & Son. Co.
Jennifer Jolliff is an
ISA Certified Arborist,
who has served as a
program arborist for
the City of Bozeman,
Montana since 1999.
