STiR coffee and tea magazine

36 STiR coffee and tea / Issue 5, 2018 (October / November) 0 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 28.82 39.27 32.94 42.51 36.07 45.99 39.47 48.09 43.48 50.83 49.15 45.34 43.24 51.37 44.97 58.04 Bienalidade negativa Bienalidade positiva By Kelly Stein Patios are covered with naturals and pulped naturals thanks, in part, to technology S eptember marked the end of the largest and perhaps the most spectacular cof- fee harvest in Brazil in 150 years. Estimates are firm at 60 million 60-kilo bags of arabica and robusta combined. The 2018/19 harvest is the biennial peak of productivity. Farmers already had harvested 98% of the crop by September. Brazil is the world's top coffee exporter, annually shipping 32.7% of the world's supply, nearly double Vietnam's total of 17.9%. In a country where a global yield of 10 bags per hectare more than doubled to 25 bags and are now approaching an average 30 bags per hectare, innovation has enabled even the tiniest farms to become champions of productivity. Widespread irrigation, new varietals, and better agricultural practices (soil management, leaf analysis, pest and diseases control) all contributed to an extraordinary harvest. "When Brazil was producing 10 bags per hectare, for example, each plant had 3 to 4 meters of spacing. There were 1,200 to 2,000 plants per hectare. This belongs to the past now," explains Carlos Brando, director and partner of coffee consulting, market- ing and trading company P&A International Marketing. Densification of coffee plants (where plants are grouped as close as possible given soil, sun, and wind conditions) is one of the key elements to maximize mother nature's blessings. Controlling plagues and diseases, especially for arabica, and genetic improvement in varietals permitted greater concentration of coffee in smaller areas. "After 131 years dedicated to science, the Agronomic Institute of Campinas [IAC] launched more than 60 commercial varietals which are responsible for more than 90% of coffee production in Brazil," according to IAC. Host of the biggest germplasm bank in the world, IAC played a decisive role improving productivity. Embrapa Café, Procafé, UFLA, IAPAR, EPAMIG, and the Federal University of Viçosa each have a long history of contributing to the scientific knowledge applied to coffee and continue to do so today. State Arábica (60-kilo bags) Minas Gerais 30.4 million Espírito Santo 4.5 million São Paulo 6.1 million Bahia 1.8 million Rondônia *** Paraná 1.1 million Rio de Janeiro 346,000 Goiás 150,900 Mato Grosso 1,000 Amazonas *** Brazilian Bounty Farmers enjoy the biggest coffee harvest in 150 years Three strategies combined to make Brazil the world's top coffee producer. Irrigation technology Drips and large scale use of pivot sprinklers is crucial for coffee produc- tion in places such as Cerrado Mineiro. Besides assuring the ideal amount of water, agronomists enrich the spray with nutrients. Sensors with remote controls help to increase efficiency in a sustainable production, according to the Brazilian Coffee Exporters Council (Cecafé). Densification Planting coffee trees closer–average spacing is now 70 centimeters–ex- ponentially increased production and facilitated mechanization. According to CONAB some properties maintain 5,000 plants per hectare and an aver- age harvest of 30 bags in per hectare. Precision agriculture New technology allows the mapping of very small parcels. Coffee farms use global positioning equipment to deter- mine drainage and terrain meter by meter. Laboratory analysis of soil condi- tions and leaves provide unprecedented levels of precision in applying inputs–fer- tilizers and disease control– according to demand. Brazil Coffee Production (arabica and robusta) Production (millions of 60-kilo bags) Off-year harvest Source: National Supply Company (Conab) On-year harvest Source: National Supply Company (Conab)

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