20 tobaccoasia Issue 5, 2023 September / October
monitoring ENDS use at all. ENDS regulations
have been adopted in 121 countries globally, 34
of which ban the sale of ENDS (Argentina, Bra-
zil, Brunei Darussalam, Cabo Verde, Cambodia,
Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Ethiopia,
Gambia, India, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Laos, Malaysia,
Mauritius, Mexico, Nicaragua, Norway, occupied
Palestinian territory, Oman, Panama, Qatar, Singa-
pore, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Syria, Thailand, Timor-
Leste, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uruguay,
Vanuatu, and Venezuela) while 87 (45% of all
countries) allow the sale of ENDS and either fully
or partially regulate them, including bans in public
indoor areas; bans on advertising, promotion, and
sponsorship; health warnings on packaging, age
restrictions on sales, and flavor bans.
The remaining 74 countries have no ENDS
regulations in place, 7 countries fewer than in 2020
when 81 countries did not regulate ENDS in any
way. Based on income levels, 85% of high-income
countries have ENDS regulations or sales bans in
place while 40% of middle-income and 79% of
low-income countries have taken no regulatory ac-
tion on ENDS. Twenty-two of the countries ban-
ning the sale of ENDS are middle-income nations,
7 are high-income nations, and 5 are low-income
nations.
Of the 121 countries that have ENDS regulations in place, 34 have banned them.
