SportsTurf

December 2013

SportsTurf provides current, practical and technical content on issues relevant to sports turf managers, including facilities managers. Most readers are athletic field managers from the professional level through parks and recreation, universities.

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FieldScience Sawfly Order: Lepidoptera Translation: "Scale wing" Holometabolis Key tree pests: Gypsy moth, winter moth, bagworms, clear-wing borers The Order of moths and butterflies contains many common tree pests, but they tend to only be pests as larvae. Caterpillars are one of the most common leaf-feeding insects in the world. Most do insignificant damage and require no control efforts, but some — especially introduced species — can defoliate a full-size tree in just a few days. Lepidopteran larvae are mostly thought of as leaf-feeding caterpillars, but there are a few, such as the clear-winged moths, whose larvae are wood-boring pests that can be confused with other species and are considered difficult to control. Management tools include sprays (spinosad, pyrethroids, Bt), systemic treatments (acephate), and tree injection (emmamectin benzoate, acephate). Order: Hemiptera Translation: "Half wing" Hemimetabolis Key tree pests: true bugs, leafhoppers, 16 SportsTurf | December 2013 scales, aphids, adelgids, cicadas, psyllids This Order has been split, lumped, and reworked more than any other in the past decade, so exactly who is now in the Boxelder bugs Hemiptera these days depends on the source, but many well-known tree pests are generally included. With a wide variety of body types, mouth parts, and feeding preferences, this group has many easy-to-control, and difficult-to-control members, so be sure you have properly identified your target for launching any control campaign. Management tools include sprays (bifenthin, pyrethroids), systemic treatments (imidacloprid, dinotefuran) and tree injection (emmamectin benzoate, imidacloprid). Order:Thysanoptera Translation: "Fringed Wing" Holometabolis Key tree pests: thrips Thrips, a name derived from the Greek word for "wood louse," can be disfiguring and damaging to tree leaves. In rare cases, a thrip infestation may be heavy enough to cause the death of a plant, but more often they are just damaging the leaves, buds, and flowers of trees. Although thrips are tiny, they are a well-documented vector of certain viruses that cause death to plants, particularly in agricultural or greenhouse settings. Management tools include sprays (bifenthin, pyrethroids), and systemic treatments (imidacloprid, dinotefuran). Other Orders of insects than impact plants, but not considered prominent tree pests, include Isoptera (termites), Diptera (flies, mosquitoes), Phasmida (walkingstick) Orthoptera (grasshoppers), Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies), Mantodea (mantids) and Dermaptera (earwigs). n Brandon M. Gallagher Watson is director of communications at Rainbow Treecare Scientific Advancements, and is an ISA Certified Arborist (#MN-4086A). www.sportsturfonline.com

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