Issue link: https://read.dmtmag.com/i/275392
www.goodfruit.com GOOD FRUIT GROWER MARCH 15, 2014 23 protection over a period of time. In Europe, multiple applications of the yeast have caused russetting on fruit, though this has not been seen in the drier fruit- producing regions. Serenade Optimum, which is produced by fermenting a strain of Bacillus subtilis, has a different mode of action from Bloomtime or Blossom Protect. Its antimicrobial activity comes mostly from biochemical compounds produced by the bacterium during fermentation, not from colonizing flowers. When applied after Blossom Protect, Serenade Optimum could not only target the fire blight pathogen, but prevent yeast levels from increas- ing too much and causing russet. In tests, flowers and fruit sprayed with Serenade Optimum showed very little russetting. An integrated program for pear growers would be Blossom Protect followed by Serenade Optimum, Johnson suggests. Copper Growers often use fixed copper products during the dormant or delayed- dormant (green-tip) period to kill bacteria oozing from fire blight cankers. Johnson said studies show that a copper treatment can slow the build-up of the fire blight pathogen in the flowers and should be considered as part of a nonantibiotic strategy. Copper materials are generally phytotoxic when used later, but new soluble coppers are becoming available that contain much less metallic copper and can be used during and after bloom. Cueva copper soap, which con- tains 1.8 percent metallic copper, is registered for use, and Previsto, a copper ammonium complex contain- ing 3.2 percent metallic copper, is expected to be regis- tered next year. As there might still be some risk of fruit russetting in certain conditions, more tests are needed to assess their potential role in controlling fire blight, Johnson said. This article is based on a more in-depth paper by Johnson, which can be found at www.tfrec.wsu.edu/pdfs/ P2850.pdf . Another publication on integrating the new research into a systems approach is available from WSU's sustain- able agriculture specialist David Granatstein, who can be contacted at granats@wsu.edu. The document will soon be posted on The Organic Center Web site http:// organic- center.org/scientific-resources/. More information on fire blight control in organic tree fruits can be found at www.tfrec.wsu.edu/pages/organic/ fire blight. For more background information, watch the webi- nars at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59_-51AT2Fk and www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuKxKCWKl28. • Two-prong approach 8SMQTVSZI½VIFPMKLXGSRXVSPYWIEWXMKQETVSHYGX HYVMRKIEVP]FPSSQJSPPS[IHEXJYPPFPSSQXSTIXEPJEPPF] ETVSHYGXXLEXWYTTVIWWIWXLITEXLSKIR[LIRMXVIEGLIW XLIRIGXEV]*SVI\EQTPIMRTIEVW&PSWWSQ4VSXIGXGSYPH FIJSPPS[IHF]7IVIREHI3TXMQYQ-RETTPIWFIKMR[MXL PMQIWYPJYVERH½WLSMPXLIR&PSWWSQ4VSXIGXJSPPS[IHF] WSPYFPIGSTTIVSV7IVIREHI3TXMQYQ Flower stigmas Floral cup SOURCE: Ken Johnson, OSU Integrated fire blight control -RI\TIVMQIRXWEX3VIKSR7XEXI9RMZIVWMX]XLIWXERHEVHETTPIXLMRRMRKTVSKVEQGSRWMWXMRKSJX[SETTPMGEXMSRW SJPMQIWYPJYVTPYW½WLSMPTVSZMHIHWSQIGSRXVSPSJ½VIFPMKLX0MQIWYPJYVERH½WLSMPJSPPS[IHF]X[S ETTPMGEXMSRWSJXLIFMSGSRXVSPTVSHYGX&PSWWSQ4VSXIGXGSRXVSPPIH½VIFPMKLXEW[IPPEWSRIETTPMGEXMSRSJXLI ERXMFMSXMGWXVITXSQ]GMR SOURCE: Ken Johnson, OSU Streptomycin 2X Bloomtime 1X then Oxytel 1X 0MQIWYPJYV ½WLSMP\XLIR&PSWWSQ4VSXIGX< 0MQIWYPJYV ½WLSMP< Water Fire blight strikes per tree Streptomycin 2X Bloomtime 1X then Oxytel 1X 0MQIWYPJYV ½WLSMP\XLIR&PSWWSQ4VSXIGX< 0MQIWYPJYV ½WLSMP< Water Fire blight strikes per tree Streptomycin 2X Bloomtime 1X then Oxytel 1X 0MQIWYPJYV ½WLSMP\XLIR&PSWWSQ4VSXIGX< 0MQIWYPJYV ½WLSMP< Water Fire blight strikes per tree 0 40 80 120 160 200 Gala 2011 Gala 2012 0 40 80 120 160 200 Gala 2010 0 20 40 60 80 Pest-Effective: • Season-long mating disruption • More starting active ingredient • 20% more pheromone released during the growing season Cost-Effective: • Season-long control with one application • Hand-application costs cut in half; no labor-intensive twist-ons • Minimal regulation • No harm to beneficial insects • No girdling losses Consistent, Season-Long Codling Moth Control NoMate ® CM Spiral is superior by design and performance for codling moth mating disruption in apple and pear orchards. No competing product goes on more easily, works harder, or gets better results. NoMate® CM Spiral is designed, manufactured, and supported in the United States by Scentry Biologicals, Inc., maker of the first pheromone-based product approved by the U.S. EPA. 610 Central Avenue Billings, MT 59102 (406) 248-5856 1-800-735-5323 www.scentry.com Slip-on NoMate® CM spirals consistently release volatilizing solid-matrix pheromone through flexible PVC dispensers. Female moth scent plumes are overwhelmed, thwarting male moth mating efforts. For more information, call 1-800-735-5323 or visit www.scentry.com.