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Issue link: https://read.dmtmag.com/i/714252
www.stma.org September 2016 | SportsTurf 13 the CEC in all paint treatments exceeded that of the sand in the control. This is likely due to the paint coating individual sand particles in the fi rst few months after initiation of the paint treatments, to the extent that the soil test procedure was not able to properly measure CEC. It is assumed that the paint degraded by the fi fth month and then the procedure was able to properly measure this variable. This will be further substantiated by the next few sections on the measurement of cations found in the treated samples. In every case, there was an increase in cation release in the fi fth month. Potassium. There were no differences in extracted K among paint treatments for fi ve of the six months of the experiment. In the fi fth month, sand treated with acrylic paint and with PSR #2 were both much lower than the sand treated with PSR #1 (data not shown). The K level found in sand treated with PSR #1 was 313.5 ppm while the acrylic and PSR #2 measurements were 92.3 and 22.6 ppm respectively. Potassium levels did vary by month. During the fi rst three months, the release of K from all treatments was similar to the untreated control. It was in the fourth, fi fth, and sixth months that K levels were higher in the paint containing treatments than in the control. This was likely a result of the degradation of paint that was coating the CEC sites up to the fourth month. Zinc. There were differences among dates and paint treatments in extracted Zn throughout the duration of the study. In months one, two, and three, all treatments were lower compared to the untreated control. In month three, there was a difference among paint treatments. The sands treated with PSR #1 and PSR #2 were lower than the sands treated with the acrylic paint, but the two polysaccharide treatments did not vary from one another. In the fi fth month, sand treated with acrylic paint released more Zn than the untreated control. At that time, the sand treated with acrylic paint tested at 0.7 ppm, which was higher than the PSR #1 at 0.2 ppm. The PSR #1 was lower than PSR #2 at that date (data not shown). The greatest release of Zn occurred in the fi fth month. This was consistent with the increase in CEC during that month and again is likely due to the degradation of paints by month fi ve. Sodium. There were no differences in extracted Na among paint treatments for fi ve of the six months of the experiment. In the fi fth month, sand treated with acrylic paint and with PSR #2 were both much lower than the sand treated with PSR #1. The PSR #1 treatment had a value of 149.6 ppm, which was much higher than the other two paint treatments. It is assumed that the PSR #1 contains Na. Sodium levels did vary by month. In the fi rst month, the release of Na from all treatments was similar to the untreated control. In the second and third months, all treatments were lower than the untreated control. It was in the fourth, fi fth, and sixth months that Na levels in painted treatments had exceeded the control. This was likely caused by the paint coating the CEC sites during the fi rst few months and by the fourth month it had started to degrade (data not shown). Calcium. There were no differences in Ca among paint treatments at any time during the experiment (fi gure 2). The Ca levels found in the paint treatments in month one were not different than the untreated control. In month two and three, all Ca levels were lower than the control. As was the case with the other cations, there was a release of Ca in the fi fth month. Month 1 4 5 6 2 3 0 1 2 Figure 2. Calcium concentrations in the soil adjusted for the control. 0=acrylic, 1=PSR#1, 2=PSR#2. 1500 1000 500 0 -500 -1000 -1500 Average Calcium (ppm)