STiR coffee and tea magazine

STiR coffee and tea 15 Single Serve Cup Filling & Sealing Machine Visit us at： Catching Cups Out Hot Sealing Nitrogen Flushing Lids Detecting Placing Lids Vacuum the Coffee on the Edge of the Cups Nitrogen Flushing Nitrogen Flushing Filling Coffee / Tea Nitrogen Flushing Cups Detecting Insert One-Body-Cups 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 #723 Coffe Fest'17 Chicago, Jun 9-11 #1022 World Tea Expo'17 Las Vegas, Jun 13-15 Email: sales@eastsign.com #9262 NRA'17 Chicago, May 20-23 DCC-1-1500 *) Entry Level One Lane Machine, DCC-1-1500 *) One Machine, Different Cups *) Speed: 25~30 pcs / min *) Weight / Dimension: 880lb / 80'' x 26.5'' x 70'' *) Supply the Lids and the Welded Cups 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 NEWS Meanwhile, not having the molecular data, we went ahead and began growing out about 400 accessions from Ethiopia present in the CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) Costa Rica, collection – a long and tedious job. So far we have cupped about 200 of these over one or two harvests. We also some data on disease and phenotypic differences. Up to now, we have NOT found the next Geisha. Of those cupped, most score in the mid 80s — about where the Catuai controls score. In the same area (1750m/5800 feet) Geisha are scoring in the low to mid 90s. There are modest differences among them, but so far, nothing very exciting. There are indications that they may become more interesting with age. STiR: Share your thoughts about the need for a global conservation strategy. Peterson: Global conservation strategy. If I had the technol- ogy magic wand, 'conservation' would not be my strategy. More interesting will be expansion of our genetic arsenal to include genetic material from far off places like Central Africa and Madagascar. You can only do so much with the internal combustion engine – add a few cylinders or change from gasoline to diesel. It's time to explore electric – with no drivers. Likewise, it is time to open up and incorporate the inventory of genetic traits in the diploid species and modify by editing what we already have. We have the technology and the funding. All we need is the enlightened leadership. Relaxing at Hacienda La Esmeralda, Chiriquí Highlands, Boquete Panama genes we need. They can be incorporated into arabica via traditional breeding, transgenic methods or newer gene editing techniques such as CRISPER. Alternatively, one could also transfer genetic cup traits from arabica to robusta or other diploid species which would be hardier plants. STiR: What can farmers do to cope with a changing climate? Peterson: There are three options for the coffee farmer concerned about climate change. A) Move higher in the mountains to a cooler clime, B) stay where you are and produce a less desirable arabica coffee, perhaps with irrigation, C) grow an improved variety of robusta by incorporating arabica genes or, D) Get out of the coffee business altogether and let the price rise above $1.40 where everyone loses money. STiR: Tell us about your efforts to identify the next Geisha. Peterson: Shortly after Geisha became popular, we realized the problem of Bill Gates; the hardest part of being No. 1 is staying there. For that reason we began looking 10 years ago for "The Next Geisha." Initially we hoped we could do this by looking at genetic marker work with arabica DNA varieties. After a while we were disabused of this notion. It became obvious (1) that if there was a simple chemical basis for cup quality, Mr. Ernesto Illy would have found it. Second, clearly cup quality is the result of hundreds of organic compounds produced during combustion/roasting of the proteins, sugars, fats and waxes in green coffee. This involves not only a massive number of genes, but additionally, singling out those genes that are being expressed in that particular place (climate, soil, etc.) and that particular stage of growth and maturation and at that particular time. This would be done by studying the messenger RNAs present at each point. Now that we have a genome, this work might begin.

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