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sequence doesn���t match that of the probe, no signal is released. Wrong products are not detected. In SYBR Green-based assays, integrity of the amplified product is tested at the end of the cycles by heating it in multiple temperatures. Based on the DNA composition of the product, a specific melting temperature is produced for each amplified product. This is then compared to the melting temperature of a positive control. Similar DNA sequences yield similar melt temperatures, while completely different melting temperatures are obtained from other, unspecific products, such as primer-dimers (Figure 1). Because melting temperature is highly sequence-specific, it can be used for identification of different virus variants. ENHANCED DETECTION AND SENSITIVITY One big advantage of qPCR is its enhanced sensitivity compared to ELISA and conventional PCR. Generally, based on several laboratories��� experience, real-time PCR is about 1,000 times more sensitive than ELISA and 10-100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR, according to studies published between 2006 and 2012 in Plant Molecular Biology, the Journal of Virological Methods, and Phytopathology. Much of this is achieved by using shorter amplicon (product) sizes. Because shorter products are more Figure 1: Melt curve analysis of GLRaV-3. The arrow shows a GLRaV-3-specific melt peak at 80��C. Smaller peaks on the left are formed from unspecific products such as primer-dimers. completely denatured during the denaturing step of PCR cycle, annealing of primers and probes is more efficient. This translates to enhanced amplification of target molecules. Efficiency makes a big difference: After 40 PCRtestimonial 2 final.pdf with 80% 7:49:39 AM cycles, reaction 12/10/12 efficiency yields The Business side of Wine Learn how to take your wine Direct to Consumer C M Y Point of Sale taSting room SaleS & marketing CM MY wine club comPliance Wine direct ecommerce Manage your tasting room, wine club, inventory, direct marketing, e-commerce and compliance��� seamlessly with Microworks Wine Direct CY CMY fulfillment K email marketing inventory 4.1 integration accounting Payment ProceSSing Microworks Technologies, Inc. 841 Latour Court, Suite C, Napa CA 94558 n 707.224.9620 n fax 707.224.9622 www.winesoftware.com w w w. v w m media.com ���Carlsen & Associates understands the winemaker's need for both flexibility and strength in crush pad equipment, including design and fabrication. Their help in developing our process flow has been essential to seeing our vision realized.��� Alex Crangle Balo Vineyards Philo, CA Carlsen & Associates 707-431-2000 J a n - F e b 2 0 13 | V I N E YA R D & W I N E RY M A N A G E M E N T 77