Issue link: http://read.dmtmag.com/i/123973
sion vector has been described for GLRaV-2 and GLRaV-7. Viruses associated with rugose wood complex diseases in grape- vines (Grapevine virus A, B, D, E, and F) are members of the Vitiviruses. These viruses are transmitted by the same mealybug and soft scales that spread GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 and other Ampeloviruses. Furthermore, GVA and GVB naturally occur as mixed infection with GLRaVs. Reports suggest that Ampelovirus species play a role in aiding the transmission of Vitivirus species that otherwise would not be transmitted by insect vectors. Grapevine virus A (GVA) is associated with Kober stem grooving and syrah disease. Grapevine virus B (GVB) and D (GVD) are associated with grapevine corky bark disease. Typical symptoms are related to grafted vines and include cracks and swelling above the graft union, and foliar discoloration. NEWLY DISCOVERED VIRUSES This vineyard's leafroll spread was assisted by mealybugs. The virus moves from vine to vine within the row, then to the adjacent row. Historically, new viruses are typically found by isolating the virus from a diseased host (e.g. grapevine), observed in the electron microscope, and eventually We're Getting Bigger So You Can Get Better Vintage Nurseries… growing with your success in mind. day after day, we plant and plan at vintage nurseries, expanding our product selection and service to meet your growing needs. in an effort to be a reliable source for all of our customers, we strive to maintain the highest standards in the industry. Quite simply, the bigger we get, the harder we work to keep your success and satisfaction our top priority. Wasco 661-758-4777 Paso Robles 805-237-8914 Modesto 209-523-8036 santa Rosa 707-542-5510 www.VintageNurseries.com | 800-499-9019 seRving the Wine, table gRaPe and Raisin industRies 72 V I N E YARD & WINERY MANAGEMENT | May - June 2013 w w w. v w m m e d i a . c o m